It starts with humans evolving thanks to the natural adaptation of problem solving. We love solving problems so much that if we don’t see one, we go ahead and create one anyway. I think this instinct is so deep-seated that we incessantly set up problems by dividing the entire world, no matter how big or small, into manichaean opposites: value-neutral events become good or bad, behaviors become unethical or ethical, people become with us or against us. Even our own brains subdivide themselves into one impulse against another. This conflict is created for the purpose of rendering our existence into problems to be solved. I've heard that the human brain is wired for story; I think it's actually wired for problem solving. A story is really just a problem being solved in a compelling way. That's why the method works to entertain us.
Anyway, that was a tangent. So we evolved with the instinct to solve problems. If you apply our need to problem solve — and here, "apply" means to develop a system for using the discipline in the real world — you resultantly develop new capabilities: philosophy and rationality. If you apply rationality, you get 1) math and 2) the discipline of logic, invented by Aristotle. A tree of application springs out.
Applied problem solving = philosophy, rationality
Applied philosophy = ethics
Applied ethics = morality
Applied morality = creed (in the Jungian sense. He wrote about a type of religion that society specifically promotes. Different from a private relationship with the infinite.)
Applied creed = law
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Applied rationality = math & Galilean science
Applied math & Galilean science = physics
Applied physics = engineering
Applied engineering = product design / architecture.
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, chemistry,
Applied chemistry = biology
Applied biology = medicine
Applied chemistry = biology
Applied biology = medicine
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